The International Center for Transitional Justice
www.ictj.org

Transitional Justice in the News

October 1, 2006 Issue

HEADLINES

Argentina: Key Witness in Etchecolatz Case Disappears

Australia: Tasmania Announces Plan to Issue Reparations to ‘Stolen Generation’

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Former Politician Sentenced to 27 Years in Prison

Hungary: War Criminal Nabbed Six Decades after Conviction

Iraq: Saddam Trial Adjourned after Chaotic Week

Liberia: TRC Starts Workshops for Liberian Diaspora in the United States

Namibia: Reparations Sought for 1906 German Atrocities

Rwanda: Former Lawyer on Trial for Genocide

Uganda: ICC and President Museveni Agree Indictments Should Stay in Place

United States: Federal Court Hears Appeal on Landmark Slavery Reparations Case

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ARGENTINA

Key Witness in Etchecolatz Case Disappears

September 25, 2006

A key witness in the trial against Miguel Osvaldo Etchecolatz disappeared shortly after delivering crucial testimony that helped lead to the former police officer’s conviction. Jorge Luis Lopez—a 77-year-old survivor of Argentina’s brutal ‘dirty war’ era—went missing September 19th, just hours before Etchecolatz was formally sentenced to life in prison. The trial was the first of its kind since June 2005, when the Argentine Supreme Court overturned a pair of amnesty laws that had blocked prosecution of key figures in the nation’s military junta, which ruled from 1976 to 1983. Many fear that this disappearance is meant to send a foreboding message to potential witnesses in forthcoming trials.

See, Associated Press, Hunt on for Argentine Dirty War witness

Associated Press, Argentine Investigator Gets Life

International Herald Tribune, Police investigator during Argentine "Dirty War" gets life sentence for junta-era disappearances

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AUSTRALIA

Tasmania Announces Plan to Issue Reparations to ‘Stolen Generation’

September 26, 2006

Tasmanian Premier Paul Lennon announced plans to compensate Aborigines who had been forcibly removed from their families by the government between 1900 and 1972. According to the Aboriginal Legal Center, an estimated 40 remaining survivors will be eligible for compensation under Tasmania’s proposed legislation, which aims to provide lump sum compensations of approximately $100,000 to each individual. Although several Australian states have issued formal apologies to aboriginal populations, this marks the nation’s first effort to provide reparations to the so-called ‘stolen generation.’

See, The Sydney Morning Herald, Tasmania to compensate stolen generation

World News Australia, Stolen generation compensated

The Australian, Tassie to Compensate Stolen Generation

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BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Former Politician Sentenced to 27 Years in Prison

September 27, 2006

Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) convicted former Bosnian-Serb leader, Momcilo Krajisnik, and sentenced him to 27 years in prison for his role in the violence committed against civilians during the recent conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although he was acquitted on charges of genocide, Krajisnik was found guilty of persecution, extermination, murder, deportation, and forced transfer, all of which constitute crimes against humanity. He was the former speaker of the Bosnian Serb Parliament and politically close to both Ratko Mladic and Radovan Karadzic, who remain at large.

See, Hague Justice Portal, Krajišnik convicted of crimes against humanity

BBC, Profile: Momcilo Krajisnik

BBC, Bosnia Serb jailed for war crimes

For more detailed weekly updates on the ICTY, please see Tribunal Update by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting, the U.N. Public Information Services' ICTY Weekly Update, and the International Center for Transitional Justice/Bard College's audio/video archive of the Milosevic trial.

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HUNGARY

War Criminal Nabbed Six Decades after Conviction

September 28, 2006

A former police captain for the Hungarian army has been identified and confronted for his role in the World War II “Novi Sad” massacre. Sandor Kepiro, 92, was identified through an extensive investigation conducted by “Operation: Last Chance," an effort to prosecute war criminals sponsored by the Simon Wiesenthal Center. Kepiro was confronted by Center members on the front steps of his home in Budapest, where he had been living for many years. Although he was found guilty and sentenced to 10 years in prison just after the war, Kepiro was freed by the government soon after his sentence began in 1944. He is alleged to have participated in rounding up and executing scores of civilians, mostly Jews, along the Danube River in the 1942 massacre.

See, International Herald Tribune, Nazi hunters identify convicted war criminal

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IRAQ

Saddam Trial Adjourned after Chaotic Week

September 26, 2006

The trial of Saddam Hussein and six co-defendants, on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity, has been adjourned until October 9th due to several disruptions in the proceedings. Saddam Hussein was ejected from the court after staging shouting matches with new chief judge, Mohammed al-Uraibiy, whose brother-in-law was gunned down days after the last trial adjourned. Hussein’s defense team boycotted portions of the latest round of proceedings, charging that the court was violating judicial procedures. The adjournment was called to allow the defendants time to secure new representation in case their lawyers continue to boycott the trial.

See, Associated Press, Saddam Trial Adjourned Until October

BBC, Saddam judge relative shot dead

Xinhua, Saddam Hussein trial adjourned until Oct. 9

Aljazeera, توتر وفوضى بمحاكمة الأنفال وتأجيلها للشهر المقبل

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LIBERIA

TRC Starts Workshops for Liberian Diaspora in the United States

September 22, 2006

Members of the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) initiated a campaign to promote the active involvement of the U.S.-based Liberian Diaspora community in the Commission’s truth-seeking work. In collaboration with the Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights—and with technical assistance from the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ)—Commissioner Massa Washington, head of the TRC’s Diaspora Committee, conducted two days of training and outreach in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on September 29th and 30th. Similar workshops will take place in October in other American cities with large Liberian Diaspora communities, including Staten Island and Philadelphia.

See, Running Africa, Truth Commission to begin workshops for Diaspora hearings

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NAMIBIA

Reparations Sought for 1906 German Atrocities

September 20, 2006

The Namibian parliament is considering to ratify a motion that would demand reparations from the German government for a massacre that killed tens of thousands of native Namibians more than a century ago. The motion—filed by Herero Chief Kuaima Riruako in mid-September—calls on Germany to compensate the Herero people in Namibia for the human rights abuses and massacres committed against their ancestors in 1904. The killings, led by German General Lothar von Trotha, were prompted by an uprising following months of growing resistance from the Herero people for abuses incurred under colonial rule. At the centennial anniversary of the massacre, Germany’s Minister for Economic Development and Cooperation commemorated the Herero people and apologized for the crimes on behalf of the German people.

See, All Africa, Reparations Motion Makes History

Mail and Guardian, Namibia refuses to sign colonial reparations deal

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RWANDA

Former Lawyer on Trial for Genocide

September 25, 2006

The UN-backed International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) has charged a former Rwandan deputy prosecutor with genocide, extermination, and violation of the Geneva Conventions, which carry the obligation to protect civilians during conflict. According to the indictment, Simeon Nchamihigo allegedly ordered the killings of Tutsis in his community, including a clergyman, student, and a local businessman. Additionally, Nchamihigo is accused of compiling lists of local influential Tutsis to be killed during the 1994 genocide, during which 800,000 Tutsis were murdered.

See, BBC, Lawyer goes on trial for genocide

Independent Online, UN court starts genocide trial

Reuters, U.N. court starts trial of Rwandan ex-prosecutor

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UGANDA

ICC and Museveni Agree Indictments Should Stay in Place

September 26, 2006

Following the latest round of negotiations between leaders from the rebel group, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), and Ugandan representatives in southern Sudan, the chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has ruled out the possibility of dropping arrest warrants for key LRA leaders and President Museveni has agreed that he will not seek to change their status until a comprehensive peace deal has been signed. The Court has reiterated its stance that crimes alleged to have been committed by the LRA cannot go unpunished and that their pursuit of top LRA leadership does not necessarily hinder possibilities for peace. In August, LRA leaders signed a cease-fire agreement with the government of Uganda to end active hostilities in northern Uganda, where two decades of brutal fighting has blighted hundreds of thousands of lives and relegated more than 85 percent of the local population to camps for internally displaced persons.

See, Reuters, ICC says Uganda crimes will go on without arrests

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UNITED STATES

Federal Court Hears Appeal on Landmark Slavery Reparations Case

September 28, 2006

Reparations advocates and their attorneys asked a federal appeals court in Illinois to revive a case demanding that 17 of the nation’s most successful companies admit to, and pay reparations for, the financial profits they gained from slavery. The companies in question—which include JP Morgan Chase and Lehman Brothers, among other high-profile companies—are accused of having made fortunes from selling insurance to slave owners, as well as from insuring the travel and transport of slaves. Descendants of slaves and their lawyers hope to convince the federal court to hear the landmark case which, if successful, would require the companies to publicize their historical records and return profits they earned from slavery.

See, USA Today, Corporations challenged by reparations activists

International Herald Tribune, Slave descendants attempt to revive reparations lawsuit against 17 insurers and banks

Chicago Sun-Times, Court hears appeal of reparations suit

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Editors: Veerle Opgenhaffen and Kasia Reterska

Contributing Editors: Marieke Wierda and Miranda Sissons

This semimonthly newsletter summarizes major news events in the field of transitional justice. To unsubscribe, please e-mail unsubscribe@ictj.org. To subscribe, please send an e-mail request to communications@ictj.org.


The International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) assists countries pursuing accountability for past mass atrocity or human rights abuse. The Center works in societies emerging from repressive rule or armed conflict, as well as in established democracies where historical injustices or systemic abuse remain unresolved.

In order to promote justice, peace, and reconciliation, government officials and nongovernmental advocates are likely to consider a variety of transitional justice approaches including both judicial and nonjudicial responses to human rights crimes. The ICTJ assists in the development of integrated, comprehensive, and localized approaches to transitional justice comprising five key elements: prosecuting perpetrators, documenting and acknowledging violations through nonjudicial means such as truth commissions, reforming abusive institutions, providing reparations to victims, and facilitating reconciliation processes.

The Center is committed to building local capacity and generally strengthening the emerging field of transitional justice, and works closely with organizations and experts around the world to do so. By working in the field through local languages, the ICTJ provides comparative information, legal and policy analysis, documentation, and strategic research to justice and truth-seeking institutions, nongovernmental organizations, governments and others.

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