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This case study offers an overview of some of the major issues and recent developments in transitional justice in Croatia. While the main focus is on war crimes prosecutions before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Croatian courts, it also examines truth-telling efforts (or the lack thereof), reparations, and the relevant institutional reforms by the Croatian State.

This report evaluates Ghana's National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) against its own objectives and the comparative experiences of truth commissions in other countries. Although the NRC was successful in securing some reconciliation, it was plagued by lack of resources and an overt politicization of the institution and its work.

This report provides an overview of how truth commissions can address gender issues. It aims to help those involved with the truth commission process make informed decisions regarding different operational directions by highlighting potential advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches. Examples of how to address gender in truth commissions include: ensuring a specific number of female commissioners and staff; providing in-camera hearing options; and convening a gender hearing.

Bangladesh has taken several steps to seek redress for mass atrocities committed during the course of their “Liberation War” in 1971 that split West and East Pakistan into modern Pakistan and Bangladesh. In March 2009, the Awami League party announced the creation of an International Crimes Tribunal to indict collaborators accused of international crimes during this period. This briefing paper outlines the history of the conflict, transitional justice efforts to date and issues of concern for the recently established International Crimes Tribunal.

This study examines the development of restitution and reparations in international law and practice over the last century. It aims to provide recommendations on how restitution can best contribute to transitional justice by reviewing four case-studies: the Czech Republic, South Africa, Bosnia, and Guatemala. The paper provides general conclusions on how restitution–particularly property restitution as a remedy for forced displacement–can best be implemented in contemporary transitional settings.

In this amicus brief to the Indonesian Constitutional Court, ICTJ submits that the legislation establishing the Indonesian Truth and Reconciliation Commission ("TRC law") contravenes international law. ICTJ contests the provisions of the TRC law that allow for the granting of amnesty and that condition a victim's right to reparation upon the granting of amnesty. These provisions contradict a number of conventions, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture.

This report outlines Indonesia's international law obligations to provide remedies to the "1965 victims" of General Soeharto's persecution and stigmatization of those affiliated with the Indonesia Communist Party. It traces the history of this persecution, provides an overview of current discriminatory laws and practices, and summarizes efforts to end such practices. It suggests implementing a comprehensive reparations framework within a coherent transitional justice strategy.

This update series summarizes developments in the Anfal trial of Saddam Hussein, his cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid, and five other co-defendants before the Iraqi High Tribunal. It covers the trial's defense and closing phases. Five of the six defendants were sentenced to either multiple life sentences or death. Charges against the sixth defendant, al-'Aani, were dismissed for lack of evidence.

This paper summarizes the basic facts about the Dujail trial, the first trial before the Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT) against Saddam Hussein and seven others. It also summarizes facts about the IHT in general. It considers both what the Iraqis wanted out of the trial, what such prosecutions can achieve, and evaluates the trial itself.

This paper provides a brief history of Liberia, from Americo-Liberian rule in the 19th century to the 2005 elections. It provides accounts of the 1989-1996 and 1997-2003 civil wars, as well as of significant political changes and elections. It also includes appendixes of noteworthy individuals and a diagram mapping historical conflicts.